Question

I am creating a scheduling application that allows employees to input their desired schedule which is stored in a table. The current design I’m looking at is below using SQL 2008 R2.

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Schedule] (
    [EmpNum] [varchar](10) NOT NULL,
    [Start] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [Length] [decimal](18, 2) NOT NULL,
    [Reason] [varchar](1) NOT NULL,

    CONSTRAINT [PK_Schedule] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
    (
        [EmpNum] ASC,
        [Start] ASC
    )
)

A few things to note

• A user may have entered no schedule for a specific date range and still want to see their name listed but with no schedule
• A user may select nothing for a day in a week, but select something for other days
• Start is the beginning of the shift
• Length is the number of hours a shift is, may vary WILDLY from day to day and person to person
• The Reason column is for what has been selected by the user (W – Work, P – PTO, etc)

Here is sample data

EmpNum     Start                   Length                                  Reason
---------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------- ------
000001     2012-08-02 09:00:00.000 12.00                                   W
000001     2012-08-04 08:00:00.000 9.50                                    P
000002     2012-08-02 08:30:00.000 10.00                                   W
000002     2012-08-03 19:00:00.000 12.00                                   W
000003     2012-08-03 08:00:00.000 8.00                                    P

The output I desire is something like this

EmpNum     [0]    [1]    [2]    [3]    [4]    [5]    [6]
---------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
000001     NULL   NULL   NULL   NULL   W      NULL   P
000002     NULL   NULL   NULL   NULL   W      W      NULL
000003     NULL   NULL   NULL   NULL   NULL   P      NULL

I’ve never used a PIVOT query before since we just upgraded from SQL 2000, so bear with me. I’ve constructed the below query which fails with the below error and I’m stuck.

Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Line 14
Incorrect syntax near '('.

Query

declare @FirstDayOfWeek date
set @FirstDayOfWeek = '7/29/2012'

select EmpNum,
@FirstDayOfWeek [0],
dateadd(day, 1, @FirstDayOfWeek) [1],
dateadd(day, 2, @FirstDayOfWeek) [2],
dateadd(day, 3, @FirstDayOfWeek) [3],
dateadd(day, 4, @FirstDayOfWeek) [4],
dateadd(day, 5, @FirstDayOfWeek) [5],
dateadd(day, 6, @FirstDayOfWeek) [6]
from Schedule
pivot (
    max(Reason)
    for Start in ([0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6])
) as Pvt

Any thoughts on how to best implement this or how badly wrong I am here?

Answer 1

It looks like you are trying to PIVOT your data based on the Day of the Week 1-7. I suggest a slight change to this to get it to work:

SELECT *
FROM
(
    select EmpNum,
        reason,
        datepart(dw, start) as DyOfWk
    from #Schedule
) s
pivot (
    max(Reason)
    for dyofwk in ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7])
) as Pvt

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

Results: