I am just wondering if there is a MS technology which allow to transparently encrypt the column of table.
There is a symmetric/assymetric encription which allow to encrypt one column of the table. But this technology is not transparent for user applications. The application needs to open keys and use the ENCRYPTBYKEY/DECRYPTBYKEY functions.
There is TDE which allow to transparently encrypt the database, but it works with databases, backups and transaction log – not one column of database.
Is it possible to transparently encrypt one of the column in the table?
Unfortunately no, unless you implement it yourself.
In SQL Server 2008 TDE is implemented at the database level (no column is_encrypted in sys.databases), so it is the only way of doing it.