Question

I am sending a reference of an array variable which is initially empty.
In the called function the array gets populated.

function one()
{
     $ret = array();
     two($ret);

      pri nt_r($ret);
}

function two(&$res)
{
     foreach($a as $b)
     {
       $id = $b->getid();
       $txt = $b->gettxt();

       $res[$id] = $txt;
      }
}

Here, if $id is duplicated i assume that it is by default overwritten.
That is if the foreach runs for 5 times and for three times if id=5 then the result is only two elements in the array;

Is this the default behavior for this kind of assignment of arrays?
or am i missing something?

---

Yes, it is overwriting the duplicates with the last values. I tested separately and it happened to be as assumed. But if we use array_push i hope it will be duplicated. I thought the direct assignment of duplicates will be duplicated instead of overwriting. anyway let me get some comments form the users so i can update if i am missing some useful information about this duplicating and overwriting.

Answer 1

From the PHP Manual on Arrays:

An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys. This type is optimized for several different uses; it can be treated as an array, list (vector), hash table (an implementation of a map), dictionary, collection, stack, queue, and probably more. As array values can be other arrays, trees and multidimensional arrays are also possible.

Further

A key may be either an integer or a string. If a key is the standard representation of an integer, it will be interpreted as such (i.e. “8” will be interpreted as 8, while “08” will be interpreted as “08”)

And most important for your question

If a key is not specified for a value, the maximum of the integer indices is taken and the new key will be that value plus 1. If a key that already has an assigned value is specified, that value will be overwritten.