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Asked: 2026-06-05T22:22:26+00:00

I am working on integrating scapy with twisted, but I ran into this very

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I am working on integrating scapy with twisted, but I ran into this very weird bug on OSX that I can’t seem to figure out.

Basically I am unable to send a valid TCP packet (inclusive of IP headers) via a raw socket. This is what I am doing:

import socket
from scapy.all import IP, TCP
pkt = IP(src='0.0.0.0', dst='127.0.0.1')/TCP()
spkt1 = str(pkt)
outs = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.IPPROTO_RAW)
outs.setsockopt(socket.SOL_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)
outs.sendto(spkt1, ('127.0.0.1', 0))

When I run this I get the following error:

outs.sendto(spkt1, ('127.0.0.1', 0))
socket.error: [Errno 22] Invalid argument

In case you don’t have scapy on don’t want to use it this is the packet base64 encoded:

import base64
spkt1 = base64.b64decode("RQAAKAABAABABvvOAAAAAH8AAAEAFABQAAAAAAAAAABQAiAAEH4AAA==")

The very strange thing is that a packet that is nearly identical appears to be sent properly:

spkt2 = base64.b64decode("RQBAAAWwAAACBgAAAAAAAH8AAAEAyAOEAAAAAAAAAACwAgDIAHsAAAIEBbQBAwMBAQEICk3PUjMAAAAABAIAAA==")

This is how the two packets look like:

SPKT1
0000   45 00 00 28 00 01 00 00  40 06 FB CE 00 00 00 00   E..(....@.......
0010   7F 00 00 01 00 14 00 50  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   .......P........
0020   50 02 20 00 10 7E 00 00                            P. ..~..
SPKT2
0000   45 00 40 00 05 B0 00 00  02 06 00 00 00 00 00 00   E.@.............
0010   7F 00 00 01 00 C8 03 84  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
0020   B0 02 00 C8 00 7B 00 00  02 04 05 B4 01 03 03 01   .....{..........
0030   01 01 08 0A 4D CF 52 33  00 00 00 00 04 02 00 00   ....M.R3........

By checking them out in wireshark they only differ in the TCP part.

I have done a lot of different experiments and I was able in the end by setting certain specific TCP options to get the packet sent, but it does not make sense that such a packet should not work.

Does anybody have an idea why this may be happening?

EDIT:

This packet does appear to work:

pkt = IP(len=16384, src='0.0.0.0', dst='127.0.0.1',
     id=RandShort(), ttl=2)/TCP(sport=255,
      dport=900, flags="S", window=200,
      options=[('MSS', 1460), ('WScale', 2)])
spkt = bytes(pkt)
spkt += '\x00'*20

If you don’t add the zeros it does not work.

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    I ended up deciding that Raw Sockets are just to bugged to be usable. Especially since this software needs to be cross platform, quirks for OSX may not be applicable to other OSs.

    For the time being I simply wrapped the “sockets” that are provided by scapy. In the future I will write something that only depends on libdnet (as that is what scapy does to write raw frames).

    You can find this implemented here:

    https://github.com/hellais/txscapy

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