Question

I created some methods that use nested type parameters generic types in the parameter declaration:

public void Foo(IList<Pair<double, IList<double>>> myParameter)
{ // code goes here 
}

What I wanted to achieve was to force this method to accept 4 types of variables:

• List<Pair<double, List<double>>> myVar
• List<Pair<double, double[]>> myVar
• Pair<double, List<double>>[] myVar
• Pair<double, double[]>[] myVar

But it seems that second, nested interface cannot be converted on-the-fly by C#. While trying to pass some of variables listed above to my method, I get error:

Argument 1: Cannot convert from System.Collections.Generic.List<…> to Cannot convert from System.Collections.Generic.IList<…>

Do I really need to create two aliases for this method to handle this problem? Or maybe there is some kind of trick that I could use to overcome this problem?

Answer 1

Your code leads to a variance problem.

The inner IList<double> would allow you to assign List<double> even if you originally passed a double[], which would break type safety.

(This occurs fore the same reason as List<Orange> may not be treated as a List<Fruit>: You could push apples into it.)

In order to achieve correct variance behaviour, you’ll have to ensure immutability as through the use of IEnumerable<T>s instead of IList<T>s (just works under .NET 4.0).

The previous versions of C# aren’t able to handle variance at all!