I read a article which stated that “Kernels can invoke a broader number of functions than shaders” how far is this true.
link for that article is http://www.dyn-lab.com/articles/cl-gl.html
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The difference is quite the opposite actually. If you compare Section 8 of the GLSL specification with Section 6.12 of the OpenCL specification, you can see that there is a large overlap concerning mathematical operations.
However, GLSL has far more bit- and image-related operations and provides matrix operations which are not existing in OpenCL 1.2. On the other hand, OpenCL has more synchronization primitives and work group management functions that are not necessary with GLSL. Moreover, OpenCL provides smaller and larger integer types than GLSL.
Also, in Appendix C of the AMD APP OpenCL Programming Guide, the amount/types of available functions is not listed as a major difference between a shader and a kernel.