Pick your version of SQL Server… if it has changed between version please specify if you know.
Build a table
Add a non-clustered index on 1 or more columns.
If I could dump a leaf block, what would I find as the pointer to the row in the table with the data?
It uses a row id, which is basically a physical address of the row in the database: on Page X at Slot Y. If the row ever moves, then a Forwarding record is left in place so that the non-clustered index reference is kept valid. See Forwarding and forwarded records, and the back-pointer size.