Question

Apart from the inheritance aspect, is there a difference between the following class templates:

1| trait TraitA extends TraitB

2| trait TraitA { self: TraitB => }

I would like to split responsibilities between TraitA and TraitB but the former cannot function without the latter.

How would you express this intent? To me solution [2] would be the more natural approach. However I do not want to put the burden on implementers mixing in what needs to be mixed in anyway.

Answer 1

My preference is generally [1] because, as you say, the implementor is not burdened to mix in (a sub-type of) TraitB. Perhaps [2] is preferable if, for some reason, it is desirable not to inherit the concrete implementations in TraitB and force the implementor to make a choice among sub-types of TraitB. Still, [1] is just as flexible.

I tend to use [2] only where necessary, such as when the type isn’t a known class or trait,

// Here, Matrix cannot extend type parameter Repr
trait Matrix[+Repr <: Matrix[Repr]] { self: Repr =>
  ...
}

Update. Here’s another minor difference,

trait B
trait A { self: B => }
def g(ab: A): B = ab // Type mismatch: found A, required B

It’s a little annoying an optional restriction not to be able to use A as a B, even though the type is incorporated.