Question

As I read

—references are not pointers it is the object itself,A reference is an entity that is an alias for another object.

—references can never represent NULL

—Reference variables allow two variable names to address the same memory location:

—it cannot later be made to refer to a different object

—A reference is not a variable as a variable is only introduced by the declaration of an object. An object is a region of storage and, in C++, references do not (necessarily) take up any storage.

now does the below line converts the variable integers to a constant integers

const Array& ref = integers

furthermore I read this
also which says that you can change the state of a referent.

Please suggest/clarify.

Answer 1

No, it does not convert integers. You now just have an alias for integers through which you can’t change it. You can still change integers through the original name:

int i = 0;
int const& i_ref = i;
i = 5;
cout << i_ref; // outputs 5

The above examble also shows how you can change the state of the referee.