Question

As in the question, how do I automatically reset an Oracle sequence’s value back to 0 every year in Oracle 10g?

I’m using the sequence to generate an identifier in the format YYYY<sequence value> and the sequence value has to be reset to 0 every year.

YYYY is obtained from java and concatenated with the sequence value from Oracle. The format of the identifier can’t be changed due to external 3rd party requirements. Thanks for any help in advance.

Answer 1

Sequences aren’t really designed to be reset. But there are some cases where resetting a sequence is desirable, for example, when setting up test data, or merging production data back into a test environment. This type of activity is not normally done in production.

IF this type of operation is going to be put into production, it needs to thoroughly tested. (What causes the most concern is the potential for the reset procedure to be accidentally performed at the wrong time, like, in the middle of the year.

Dropping and recreating the sequence is one approach. As an operation, it’s fairly straightforward as far as the SEQUENCE goes:

    DROP SEQUENCE MY_SEQ;
    CREATE SEQUENCE MY_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 0;

[EDIT] As Matthew Watson correctly points out, every DDL statement (such as a DROP, CREATE, ALTER) will cause an implicit commit. [/EDIT]

But, any privileges granted on the SEQUENCE will be dropped, so those will need to be re-granted. Any objects that reference the sequence will be invalidated. To get this more generalized, you would need to save privileges (before dropping the sequence) and then re-grant them.

A second approach is to ALTER an existing SEQUENCE, without dropping and recreating it. Resetting the sequence can be accomplished by changing the INCREMENT value to a negative value (the difference between the current value and 0), and then do exactly one .NEXTVAL to set the current value to 0, and then change the INCREMENT back to 1. I’ve used a this same approach before (manually, in a test environment), to set a sequence to a larger value as well.

Of course, for this to work correctly, you need to insure no other sessions reference the sequence while this operation is being performed. An extra .NEXTVAL at the wrong instant will screw up the reset. (NOTE: achieving that on the database side is going to be difficult, if the application is connecting as the owner of the sequence, rather than as a separate user.)

To have it happen every year, you’d need to schedule a job. The sequence reset will have to be coordinated with the reset of the YYYY portion of your identifier.

Here’s an example:

http://www.jaredstill.com/content/reset-sequence.html

[EDIT]

UNTESTED placeholder for one possible design of a PL/SQL block to reset sequence

    declare
      pragma autonomous_transaction;
      ln_increment       number;
      ln_curr_val        number;
      ln_reset_increment number;
      ln_reset_val       number;
    begin

      -- save the current INCREMENT value for the sequence
      select increment_by
        into ln_increment
        from user_sequences
       where sequence_name = 'MY_SEQ';

      -- determine the increment value required to reset the sequence
      -- from the next fetched value to 0
      select -1 - MY_SEQ.nextval into ln_reset_increment from dual;

      -- fetch the next value (to make it the current value)
      select MY_SEQ.nextval into ln_curr from dual;

      -- change the increment value of the sequence to 
      EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter sequence MY_SEQ increment by '
        || ln_reset_increment ||' minvalue 0';

      -- advance the sequence to set it to 0
      select MY_SEQ.nextval into ln_reset_val from dual;

      -- set increment back to the previous(ly saved) value
      EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter sequence MY_SEQ increment by '
        || ln_increment ;
    end;
    /

NOTES:

• how to best protect the sequence from access while it’s being reset, RENAME it?
• Several test cases to work through here.
• First pass, check normative cases of positive, ascending, increment 1 sequence.
• would a better approach be to create new SEQUENCE, add permissions, rename existing and new sequences, and then re-compile dependencies?