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At some places I have seen variables declared like this
const int &var1;
extern int & var2;
These variables are defined somewhere else. I always thought that when you declare a reference to a variable you bind the reference to that variable at the same place. I am missing something here. Also I have not seen references declared as above when there is no qualifier (e.g. const or extern).
The actual declaration of a variable, let it be a reference or a pointer or a normal variable, has nothing to do with the type of a variable.
Even if in your examples you have references to variables this means nothing related to where they are initialized. Having a reference is useful because you assign it from another variable and you can actually use them as a pointer without caring about dereferincing it but nothing more, it is a variable like any other.