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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-05-11T21:51:27+00:00

#!/bin/csh @ cows = 4 – 3 + 1 echo $cows This simple csh

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#!/bin/csh

@ cows = 4 - 3 + 1
echo $cows

This simple csh script when run produces “0” for output when I’d expect “2”.

~root: csh simple.1
0

I did a bunch of looking and the only thing I could think of was that the “-” was being read as a unary negation rather than subtraction, therefore changing operator precedence and ending up with 4 – 4 rather than 2 + 1. Is this correct? If so, any reason why? If not…help!

Edit: So they’re right associative! These operators are NOT right associative in C, are they? Is C-Shell that different from C?

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    While you are expecting the operators to be left associative, they are right associative in csh, so it’s evaluated as 4-(3+1)

       -
  / \
 /   \
4     +
     / \
    3   1
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