can anybody give me advice how i process a BMP file so
that i can check if a logo is present in that file?
E.g. I have a Foto. My logo is supplied in another
bmp file. I want to check if my logo is part of that
foto, if it is visible.
Bonus question: My logo can have transparencies in it.
Does that change anything?
What you are asking is quite a sophisticated procedure. The keyword you want to use is probably not “digital watermarking” (which is correct per se, but will return mostly hits about how to watermark a picture) but “image recognition” (which is a broader concept, but describes the process in the other direction, i.e. recognising if the logo is already there).
For example a StackOverflow search returns this question, with a load of useful hints and tips.
The bottom line (whether you are going to use a library or implement yourself a solution) is that you have first to transform your image in a numerical 2-dimensional array, and then do a number of transformations/analysis to spot signs that hints about the presence of your logo.
You might also be interested to check the python bindings for OpenCV (the computer vision library of the free software world). OpenCV is probably overkilling the problem you are facing, but OTOH it has extensive documentation and examples.
HTH!