Can anyone name a language with all the following properties:
- Has algebraic data types
- Has good support for linear algebra
- Is fast(-er than python, at least)
- Has at least some functional programming ability (I don’t need monads)
- Has been heard of, is not dead, and can interface on a C calling level
Scala
According to Wikipedia it has algebraic datatypes. And it is fast. Scala is both functional and object oriented. And it’s a young language with a growing userbase but still to some extent compatible with Java.
There is a Scala library Scalala for linear algebra: