Question

Can someone explain to me the advantages and disadvantages for a relation database such as MySQL compared to a graph database such as Neo4j?

In SQL you have multiple tables with various ids linking them. Then you have to join to connect the tables. From the perspective of a newbie why would you design the database to require a join rather than having the connections explicit as edges from the start as with a graph database. Conceptually it would make no sense to a newbie. Presumably there is a very technical but non-conceptual reason for this?

Answer 1

There actually is conceptual reasoning behind both styles. Wikipedia on the relational model and graph databases gives good overviews of this.

The primary difference is that in a graph database, the relationships are stored at the individual record level, while in a relational database, the structure is defined at a higher level (the table definitions).

This has important ramifications:

• A relational database is much faster when operating on huge numbers
  of records. In a graph database, each record has to be examined
  individually during a query in order to determine the structure of
  the data, while this is known ahead of time in a relational database.
• Relational databases use less storage space, because they don’t have
  to store all of those relationships.

Storing all of the relationships at the individual-record level only makes sense if there is going to be a lot of variation in the relationships; otherwise you are just duplicating the same things over and over. This means that graph databases are well-suited to irregular, complex structures. But in the real world, most databases require regular, relatively simple structures. This is why relational databases predominate.