Question

Can someone give me an idea of an efficient algorithm for large n (say 10^10) to find the sum of above series?

Mycode is getting klilled for n= 100000 and m=200000

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {
    int n,m,i,j,sum,t;
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    sum=0;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++) {
        t=1;
        for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
            t=((long long)t*i)%m;
        sum=(sum+t)%m;
    }
    printf("%d\n",sum);

}

Answer 1

Two notes:

(a + b + c) % m

is equivalent to

(a % m + b % m + c % m) % m 

and

(a * b * c) % m

is equivalent to

((a % m) * (b % m) * (c % m)) % m

As a result, you can calculate each term using a recursive function in O(log p):

int expmod(int n, int p, int m) {
   if (p == 0) return 1;
   int nm = n % m;
   long long r = expmod(nm, p / 2, m);
   r = (r * r) % m;
   if (p % 2 == 0) return r;
   return (r * nm) % m;
}

And sum elements using a for loop:

long long r = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
    r = (r + expmod(i, i, m)) % m;

This algorithm is O(n log n).