Check this xaml:
<Window
x:Class="MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
Width="300">
<ListBox HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"
Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True">
<ListBox.ItemsSource>
<x:Array Type="{x:Type sys:Int32}">
<sys:Int32>25</sys:Int32>
<sys:Int32>10</sys:Int32>
<sys:Int32>50</sys:Int32>
<sys:Int32>30</sys:Int32>
<sys:Int32>80</sys:Int32>
</x:Array>
</ListBox.ItemsSource>
<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="ListBoxItem"
BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type ListBoxItem}}">
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch" />
</Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<Grid Background="#FFE41515">
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition SharedSizeGroup="name" Width="Auto"/>
<ColumnDefinition SharedSizeGroup="value"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<TextBlock Text="Value:"/>
<ProgressBar
Value="{Binding Mode=OneWay}"
Grid.Column="1"
HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"/>
</Grid>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
</ListBox>
</Window>
Here’s the output, notice that the ProgressBar isn’t stretched, why?
If the items are red, it means that each item fills the entire width, then why isn’t the ProgressBar stretching??

If you have only
SharedSizeGroupsthe rest space will never be taken, they always behave likeWidth="Auto"(size to content) with the restriction of the largest item. As you only have two columns you do not even need two such groups as the second will already be the same width in every item, right?How about this instead: