Question

Essentially I want to do something like this:

class Shape

class CoordSystem
class C3D(val x: Double, y: Double, z: Double) extends CoordSystem
class C2D(val x: Double, y: Double) extends CoordSystem

abstract class Shape {
  def getCoords[C <: CoordSystem]: List[C]
} 

class Pyramid extends Shape {
  def getCoords: List[C3D] = 
    List(new C3D(1,2,1), new C3D(1,1,1), new C3D(2,2,1), new C3D(2,1,1), new C3D(1.5,1.5,3))
}   
>> error: class Pyramid needs to be abstract, since method getCoords in class Shape of type [C <: CoordSystem]List[C] is not defined

I’ve seen a handful of different ideas on this answer, but none of them seem quite right for this case – because they don’t seem to let me write code elsewhere which refers to myShape.getCoords as if it’s been correctly defined in a Shape subclass, returning a List of objects from a subclass of CoordSystem.

I also found an interesting discussion about generics on the Scala Lang email list, but couldn’t quite tie it back to my situation.

Any help gratefully appreciated!

Answer 1

How about something like this:

class CoordSystem
class C3D(val x: Double, y: Double, z: Double) extends CoordSystem
class C2D(val x: Double, y: Double) extends CoordSystem

trait ShapeLike[+C <: CoordSystem] {
  def getCoords: List[C]
}

abstract class Shape extends ShapeLike[CoordSystem]

class Pyramid extends Shape with ShapeLike[C3D] {
  def getCoords: List[C3D] =
    List(new C3D(1, 2, 1), new C3D(1, 1, 1), new C3D(2, 2, 1), new C3D(2, 1, 1), new C3D(1.5, 1.5, 3))
}

Of course, nothing forces you to declare the extra type ShapeLike to do this; its purpose is to allow you to use the type Shape without annoying extra type parameters.

So, actually the answer to your question as stated in the title is: you may “tighten up” the type bound of a type parameter in a subclass if it is defined as a covariant type parameter in the superclass; conversely, you may “loosen” the type bound of a contravariant type parameter.