For example, if ./configure or Make tells me I’m lacking libX11.so.6, and it’s nowhere on my system, is there a tool or website into which I could type
libX11.so.6
followed by a distribution/arch and get back
libx11-6
libx11-6-debug [or whatever; asking README would probably return reams of entries]
http://sysinf0.klabs.be/ does something similar for some distributions and architectures, but it doesn’t seem to have more recent distributions. Also, they don’t have an entry for the filename so you need to Google “packagename site:sysinf0.klabs.be”.
I’m most interested in Ubuntu, but it would be good to know about similar tools for other distributions as well.
Debian does that via the website:
Ubuntu probably does something similar but I don’t know the website / launchpad that well.
You could also fetch the index file
ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/sid/Contents-i386.gzbut as it changes frequently the website option is probably more convenient.