Question

For example, in javascript

I can say

var x = 5; 

Later I can do

x = 'a'; 

and then

x = 'hello'; 

So, how is memory allocated for the variables? As it is, all variables have a common type ‘var’ and values of variables can change at run-time as seen above. Isn’t it a difficult task to allocate and manage memory for these variables? Exactly, how is it done?

Answer 1

Python uses a technique called reference counting, which basically puts a counter in the value. Each time a reference to a value is created, the counter is incremented. When a reference to the value is lost (for instance when you assign a new value to ‘x’), the value is decremented. When the counter reaches zero, that means that no reference to the value exists, and it can be deallocated. This is a simplified explanation, but that’s at least the basics.