From JLS:
Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during an execution
of an application, the hashCode method must consistently return the
same integer, provided no information used in equals comparisons on the
object is modified. This integer need not remain consistent from one execution
of an application to another execution of the same application.
What is meant by the term application here and why the hashcode() for on object is allowed to vary between different execution of the same application ?
Application is your Java program.
It may vary from different application instances, as it is by default (hashcode of
Object) based on the address of the object.