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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-06-11T17:46:03+00:00

From the code below i read a text file that contains a character ‘a’

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From the code below i read a text file that contains a character ‘a’ (unicode 97) 

int ini ; 
    // Buffered Reader Text file read per character
    while((ini=jer.read())!=(-1)){
        char inp = (char)ini;
        System.out.println(inp);
        if (listahan.containsKey(inp)) {
                listahan.put(inp,listahan.get(inp) + 1);
            } else {
                listahan.put(inp, 1);
            }
    }
// ENHANCED FOR LOOP FOR DISPLAYING IN CONSOLE
for (Map.Entry<Character, Integer> e : listahan.entrySet()){
    System.out.printf("%1d.) %-15s : %-3d%n", ctr++, e.getKey(), e.getValue());

}

the output was :

1.)                 : 1  // (must be a null)
2.) a               : 1  
3.) þ               : 1  
4.) ÿ               : 1

why is the output not like this one?:

1.) a                 :1
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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    You ran into a Byte Order Mark, being U+FEFF, which is, when read as separate bytes, equivalent to 254 and 255.

    This (together with the occurence of the null) probably implies that the file is encoded in UTF-16 or UCS-2 (aka widestring, wchar, …). I suggest you have a read up on unicode encodings if you don’t know what that means. For this, I recommend the great article The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!).

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