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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-06-11T02:23:05+00:00

<head> <meta charset=utf-8> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=css/style.css/> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=css/homepage.css/> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css

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<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/homepage.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/header.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/footer.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/navmenu.css"/>
    <!-- more css here -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jQuery.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/navmenu.js"></script>
    <!-- more js here -->
</head>

i have all of that external css and javascripts inside the <head></head> tag in all of my pages and all of that are important in all pages.. is it appropriate to put all of that in a separate file and just include that using php? so if i want to make some changes on those externals it would be easy for me, because it will affect all my pages.. i just want to know if it is a good practice.. thanks in advance

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    Yes, it is. But why stop there? Ideally you should have all of your repetitive markup in a single file.

    There are numerous approaches to sharing common markup in PHP, but the simplest way is to have a global “Top.php” and “Bottom.php” files, like so:

    In Top.php:

     <html>
 <head>
      <title><?php echo $pagetitle; ?></title>
      <!-- your <meta /> elements go here -->
 </head>
 <body>
      <!-- common page elements go here -->

    In Bottom.php:

     </body>
 </html> <!-- This ensures all of the common markup is closed -->

    Then for each page, do this:

     <?php $pageTitle = "This page's title";
 require("Top.php"); ?>
 <!-- put your per-page markup and PHP code here -->
 <?php require("Bottom.php"); ?>

    Simples.

    Now how I use require() instead of include(). The require function is more strict and basically ensures that the included files exist. I think it’s better for an application to visibly break than to fail silently.

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