Question

How do you gracefully handle failed future feature imports? If a user is running using Python 2.5 and the first statement in my module is:

from __future__ import print_function 

Compiling this module for Python 2.5 will fail with a:

  File '__init__.py', line 1     from __future__ import print_function SyntaxError: future feature print_function is not defined 

I’d like to inform the user that they need to rerun the program with Python >= 2.6 and maybe provide some instructions on how to do so. However, to quote PEP 236:

The only lines that can appear before a future_statement are:

• The module docstring (if any).
• Comments.
• Blank lines.
• Other future_statements.

So I can’t do something like:

import __future__  if hasattr(__future__, 'print_function'):     from __future__ import print_function else:     raise ImportError('Python >= 2.6 is required') 

Because it yields:

  File '__init__.py', line 4     from __future__ import print_function SyntaxError: from __future__ imports must occur at the beginning of the file 

This snippet from the PEP seems to give hope of doing it inline:

Q: I want to wrap future_statements in try/except blocks, so I can use different code depending on which version of Python I’m running. Why can’t I?

A: Sorry! try/except is a runtime feature; future_statements are primarily compile-time gimmicks, and your try/except happens long after the compiler is done. That is, by the time you do try/except, the semantics in effect for the module are already a done deal. Since the try/except wouldn’t accomplish what it looks like it should accomplish, it’s simply not allowed. We also want to keep these special statements very easy to find and to recognize.

Note that you can import __future__ directly, and use the information in it, along with sys.version_info, to figure out where the release you’re running under stands in relation to a given feature’s status.

Ideas?

Answer 1

‘I’d like to inform the user that they need to rerun the program with Python >= 2.6 and maybe provide some instructions on how to do so.’

Isn’t that what a README file is for?

Here’s your alternative. A ‘wrapper’: a little blob of Python that checks the environment before running your target aop.

File: appwrapper.py

import sys major, minor, micro, releaselevel, serial = sys.version_info if (major,minor) <= (2,5):     # provide advice on getting version 2.6 or higher.     sys.exit(2) import app app.main() 

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What ‘direct import’ means. You can examine the contents of __future__. You’re still bound by the fact the a from __future__ import print_function is information to the compiler, but you can poke around before importing the module that does the real work.

import __future__, sys if hasattr(__future__, 'print_function'):      # Could also check sys.version_info >= __future__. print_function.optional     import app     app.main() else:     print 'instructions for upgrading'