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http://linux.die.net/man/2/mlockall
mlockall() locks all of the calling process’s virtual address space into RAM, preventing that memory from being paged to the swap area.
why is this important in real time systems?
It ensures the memory is always in RAM and never moved to the swap disk. This makes accessing those memory locations much faster as disks are extremely slow compared to RAM.
In a realtime system (linux is NOT a RTS btw!) you need extremely low latencies so a memory access resulting in a disk access is usually not acceptable inside time-critical code.