Question

I am a C++ programmer starting with PHP. I find that I lose most of the debugging time (and my selfesteem!) due to undefined variables. From what I know, the only way to deal with them is to watch the output at execution time.

Are other strategies to notice these faults earlier (something like with C++ that a single compile gives you all the clues you need)?

Answer 1

This is a common complaint with PHP. Here are some ideas:

1. Use a code analysis tool. Many IDEs such as NetBeans will help also.

2. Just run the code. PHP doesn’t have an expensive compilation step like C++ does.

3. Use unit testing. Common side effects include: better code.

4. Set error_reporting(-1), or the equivalent in your ini file.

5. Get xdebug. It’s not preventative, but stack traces help with squishing bugs.

6. isset(), === null (identity operator), and guard clauses are your friends.

Loose and dynamic typing are a feature of the language. Just because PHP isn’t strict about typing doesn’t mean you can’t be. If it really bugs you and you have a choice, you could try Python instead—it’s a bit stricter with typing.