Question

I am confused as to what the second line does in this snippet of code. $runas should be evaluated to the user’s uid i think. What does the $< do? This is contained in a CGI script.

my $runAS = (getpwnam("username"))[2];
$runAS = $< if ($runAS == 0);

Answer 1

$< is a special variable in perl:

The real uid of this process. You can change both the real uid and the
effective uid at the same time by using POSIX::setuid() . Since
changes to $< require a system call, check $! after a change attempt
to detect any possible errors.