I am just getting started in iOS development after working in Android since the early days and I am a bit confused on how you style/skin iPhone components.
I saw that there is a way to change the color for some components (is that what they are called?) in properties but how can I go even further?
For example, how could I be designing a custom button, or custom listview?
There are several elements here you are asking, so my answer might not be enough for everything you want.
You can for instance use this page here that give you a real nice tutorial for doing some customization to UI components:
http://www.raywenderlich.com/4344/user-interface-customization-in-ios-5
For UITableViews there are other steps you would have to take. For instance, this very good tutorial:
http://cocoawithlove.com/2009/04/easy-custom-uitableview-drawing.html