Question

I am learning AT&T x86 assembly language. I am trying to write an assembly program which takes an integer n, and then return the result (n/2+n/3+n/4). Here is what I have done:

.text
.global _start
_start:
    pushl $24
    call profit
    movl %eax, %ebx
    movl $1, %eax
    int $0x80

profit:
    popl %ebx
    popl %eax
    mov $0, %esi
    movl $4, %ebp
    div %ebp
    addl %eax, %esi
    movl %ecx, %eax
    movl $3, %ebp
    div %ebp
    addl %eax, %esi
    movl %ecx, %eax
    movl $2, %ebp
    div %ebp
    addl %eax, %esi
    movl %esi, %eax
    cmpl %ecx, %esi
    jg end
    pushl %ebx
    ret

end:
    mov %ecx, %eax
    ret

The problem is I am getting segmentation fault. Where is the problem?

Answer 1

I think the code fails here:

_start:
    pushl $24
    call profit
    movl %eax, %ebx
    movl $1, %eax
    int $0x80

profit:
    popl %ebx
    popl %eax

So, you push $24 (4 bytes) and then call profit, which pushes eip and jumps to profit. Then you pop the value of eip into ebx and the value $24 into eax.

Then, in the end, if jg end branches to end:, then the stack won’t hold a valid return address and ret will fail. You probably need pushl %ebx there too.

    cmpl %ecx, %esi
    jg end
    pushl %ebx
    ret

end:
    mov %ecx, %eax
    ; `pushl %ebx` is needed here!
    ret