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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-06-17T22:55:55+00:00

I am looking for a way to compare two Java strings that are lexicographically

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I am looking for a way to compare two Java strings that are lexicographically equivalent but not identical at the byte level.

More precisely take the following file name “baaaé.png”, at the byte level it can be represented in two different ways:

[98, 97, 97, 97, -61, -87, 46, 112, 110, 103] –> the “é” is encoded with 2 bytes

[98, 97, 97, 97, 101, -52, -127, 46, 112, 110, 103] –> the “é” is encoded with 3 bytes

    byte[] ch = {98, 97, 97, 97, -61, -87, 46, 112, 110, 103};
    byte[] ff = {98, 97, 97, 97, 101, -52, -127, 46, 112, 110, 103};

    String st = new String(ch,"UTF-8");
    String st2 = new String(ff,"UTF-8");
    System.out.println(st);
    System.out.println(st2);
    System.out.println(st.equals(st2));

Will generate the following output:

baaaé.png
baaaé.png
false

Is there a way to do the compare so that the equals method returns true ?

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    You can use the Collator class with an applicable strength to normalize out things like different accent marks. this will allow you to compare strings successsfully.

    In this case, a US locale and a TERTIARY strength is enough to get the strings to be equal

    Collator usCollator = Collator.getInstance();
usCollator.setStrength(Collator.TERTIARY);
System.out.println(usCollator.equals(st, st2));

    outputs

    true

    You can also use Java’s Normalizer class to convert between different forms of Unicode. This will transform your strings, but they will end up being the same, allowing you to use standard string tools to do the comparison

    Finally, take might want to take a look at the ICU (International Components for Unicode) project, which provides lots of tools for working with Unicode strings in lots of different ways.

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