I am new to partitioning.
Would be there a difference in performance between
select * from my_partitionedData where date = '20110523'
and
select * from my_Data where date = '20110523'
where my_partitionedData is a table partitioned by date by 1 day and my_Data is a table which has only data for '20110523' and both tables have same structure?
The other question – would be there a difference in performance in running these selects if all the partitions of the my_partitionedData are in the same file group? (note – the select is always for 1 day)
Like everything else in SQL, you will need to test to be sure.
That being said, I think you should get identical performance.
Behind the scenes, a partitioned table is basically a lot of smaller tables logically unioned together. If you are partitioning by day in you partitioned table, and your non-part table has only one day of data, the execution plan and performance should be pretty much identical.