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I am reading the book Java Concurrency in Practice where it says,
CyclicBarrierallows a fixed number of parties to rendezvous repeatedly at a barrier point and is useful in parallel iterative algorithms that break down a problem into a fixed number of independent subproblems.
Can someone give an example of how it breaks down a problem into multiple independent subproblems?
You have to break the problem down into multiple independent subproblems yourself.
Barriers ensure that each party completes the first subproblem before any of them start on the second subproblem. This ensures that all of the data from the first subproblem is available before the second subproblem is started.
A CyclicBarrier specifically is used when the same barrier is needed again and again when each step is effectively identical. For example, this could occur when doing any sort of multithreaded reality simulation which is done in steps. The CyclicBarrier would ensure that each thread has completed a given step before all threads will begin the next step.