Question

I am receiving the following error:

error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘(’ token

Here is the source code that I have written:

   void setup() {
     pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
   [...]
     pinMode(13,INPUT);
   }
   int i = 1;
   bool pushed = digitalRead(13);
   bool val = 0;
   randomSeed(analogRead(0));
   void loop() {
     if (pushed == 1) {
       for (i = 1; i < 9; i++) {
         val = random(2);
         digitalWrite(i,val);
       }
     }
   }

The variables and the setup are OK; the error is located on the for line. Can anyone tell me how to fix this?

(edit : added the begining of the script, and sorry for the presentation (first question here)

(edit : looks like the error is not in the “i” definition. I’m using an Arduino UNO SMD Edition, if that helps (and the arduino alpha 0022 linux version of the IDE) )
EDIT: okay guys, solved now. It appears that my version of Arduino IDE was not completely downloaded, and that I put the randomSeed in the wrong place (it should be in the setup function.) (when i did put it in the setup function before updating, it shown an error message, saying /opt/arduino/lib/math.h was missing something (or something like that, i don’t have the full message) ). Thanks for your help and i hope i’ll be able to help you in arduino soon!

Answer 1

for (int i = 1; i < 9; i++)

is valid in C99/C11 but not valid in C89.

If you use a C89 compiler you have to define i outside the for loop clauses:

int i;
for (i = 1; i < 9; i++)

Also in C89, all declarations have to follow the left brace of a block, you cannot freely mix declarations and statements.