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Editorial Team
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Editorial Team
Asked: June 15, 20262026-06-15T17:00:43+00:00 2026-06-15T17:00:43+00:00

I am trying to implement Paillier Cryptosystem in Java and facing a doubt with

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I am trying to implement Paillier Cryptosystem in Java and facing a doubt with the definition of the modulo set WITH A STAR. Specifically, what do we mean if we add a star to Zn?

I am confused between two:

1) It is the set of prime numbers.
2) It is the set Zn minus the element zero.

Google search didnt help. At least not to me.

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  1. Editorial Team
    Editorial Team
    2026-06-15T17:00:44+00:00Added an answer on June 15, 2026 at 5:00 pm

    As noted by Daniel Fischer (Z_n)* is the unit group of Z_n. Practically speaking, (Z_n)* is the set of integers x, 1 <= x < n, such that GCD(x,n) = 1.

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