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Asked: 2026-06-06T16:25:54+00:00

I am trying to match for country or Country using lower-case function in XPath.

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I am trying to match for country or Country using lower-case function in XPath. translate is kinda messy, so using lower-case and my Python version 2.6.6 has XPath 2.0 support I believe since lower-case is only available in XPath 2.0.

How I can put lower-case to use in my case is what I am looking for. Hope the example is self explanatory. I am looking for ['USA', 'US'] as output (both countries in one go which can happen if lower-case evaluates Country and country to be the same).

HTML: doc.htm

<html>
    <table>
        <tr>
            <td>
                Name of the Country : <span> USA </span>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>
                Name of the country : <span> UK </span>
            </td>
        </tr>
</table>

Python :

import lxml.html as lh

doc = open('doc.htm', 'r')
out = lh.parse(doc)
doc.close()

print out.xpath('//table/tr/td[text()[contains(. , "Country")]]/span/text()')
# Prints : [' USA ']
print out.xpath('//table/tr/td[text()[contains(. , "country")]]/span/text()')
# Prints : [' UK ']

print out.xpath('//table/tr/td[lower-case(text())[contains(. , "country")]]/span/text()')
# Prints : [<Element td at 0x15db2710>]

Update : 

out.xpath('//table/tr/td[text()[contains(translate(., "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") , "country")]]/span/text()')

Now the question remains, can I store the translate part as a global variable ‘handlecase’ and print that global variable whenever I do an XPath?

Something like this works :

handlecase = """translate(., "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")"""

out.xpath('//table/tr/td[text()[contains(%s , "country")]]/span/text()' % (handlecase))

But for sake of simplicity and readability, I want to run it like this :

out.xpath('//table/tr/td[text()[contains(handlecase , "country")]]/span/text()')
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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    Use:

       //td[translate(substring(text()[1], string-length(text()[1]) - 9),
                  'COUNTRY :',
                  'country'
                  )
        =
         'country'
       ]
        /span/text()

    XSLT – based verification:

    <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
 xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 <xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/>

 <xsl:template match="/">
  <xsl:copy-of select=
  "//td[translate(substring(text()[1], string-length(text()[1]) - 9),
                  'COUNTRY :',
                  'country'
                  )
        =
         'country'
       ]
        /span/text()
       "/>
 </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

    When this transformation is applied on the provided XML document:

    <html>
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    Name of the Country : <span> USA </span>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    Name of the country : <span> UK </span>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
</html>

    the XPath expression is evaluated and the selected two text-nodes are copied to the output:

     USA  UK

    Explanation:

    1. We use a specific variant of the XPath 1.0 expression that implements the XPath 2.0 standard function ends-with($text, $s): this is:

    …..

    $s = substring($text, string-length($text) - string-length($s) +1)

    .2. The next step is, using the translate() function, to convert the ending 10-character long string to lowercase, eliminating any spaces or any “:” character.

    .3. If the result is the string (all lowercase) “country”, then we select the children text nodes (only one in this case) of the s=span child of this td.

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