Question

I am using ubuntu 12.04 on 64 bit machine, I have this simple C code:

 int b = 20;
 int c = 10;

 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
      c = 50;
 }

I was trying make it compatible with any IA32 machine by compiling it like this:

 unix> gcc -m32 code.c

And got these errors:

 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find crt1.o: No such file or directory
 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
 /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
 /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
 /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc.a when searching for -lgcc
 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc
 /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s
 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
 /usr/bin/ld: cannot find crtn.o: No such file or directory
 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

As I understand, this is happening because I’m missing 32 bit standard C library, so linker cannot link my code against standard C library.

How can I obtain the needed 32 standard C on my 64 bit machine?

Answer 1

Try this:

  apt-get install ia32-libs 

Also, you should compile/link with -m32:

gcc -Wall -pedantic -m32 ...