Question

I am wondering besides Floyd–Steinberg dithering, any famous dithering algorithm exists?

Answer 1

There are some other error diffusion algorithms, the Wikipedia page on dithering gives a good list and images to compare the algorithms:

• Floyd–Steinberg dithering only diffuses the error to neighbouring
  pixels. This results in very fine-grained dithering.
• Jarvis, Judice, and Ninke dithering diffuses the error also to pixels one step further away. The dithering is coarser, but has
  fewer visual artifacts. It is slower than Floyd–Steinberg dithering
  because it distributes errors among 12 nearby pixels instead of 4
  nearby pixels for Floyd–Steinberg.
• Stucki dithering is based on the above, but is slightly faster. Its output tends to be clean and sharp.
• Burkes dithering is a simplified form of Stucki dithering that is faster, but less clean than Stucki dithering.
• Sierra dithering is based on Jarvis dithering, but it’s faster while giving similar results.
• Two-row Sierra is the above method modified by Sierra to improve its speed.
  Filter Lite is an algorithm by Sierra that is much simpler and faster than Floyd–Steinberg, while still yielding similar (according to Sierra, better) results.
• Atkinson dithering resembles Jarvis dithering and Sierra dithering, but it’s faster. Another difference is that it doesn’t diffuse the entire quantization error, but only three quarters. It tends to preserve detail well, but very light and dark areas may appear blown out.
• Even toned screening is a patented modification of Floyd–Steinberg dithering intended to reduce visual artifacts, in particular to produce more even dot patterns in highlights and shadows.

Unfortunately, there are no details there, you’ll have to google for the algorithms to get further information about the diffusion tables etc. I’ll try to edit and update the list and offer some links.

EDIT: This text file (original links is dead) seems to have good explanations and diffusion tables for most of the listed algorithms.