I am writing a phone dialer for my apps in both Android and iPhone.
I realize that there are alphabetic labels below (or beside) numeric labels of keypad buttons in dialer layout of many calling apps.
example:
below '1' is blank
below '2' is 'abc'
below '3' is 'def'
...
Can any body explain why this happens?
and what does ‘abc’, ‘def’,… means in this case?
Updated:

if you are in numeric mode .. only numbers but if you are in other mode like text .. so you will use these characters i.e:
‘2’ is ‘abc’
press 1st time ==> a
press 2nd time ==> b
press 3rd time ==> c
hold press on that button ==> 2 (number)
this is the mechanism generally.
=================update …
🙂 you added this image later .. I didnt note it . well this layout is special and for quick contact search(names and numbers) ..i.e. if you have contact Sam(+111111), so press 726 , that will bring him directly or similar names or numbers. So those characters are keys map to help user to assign correct input… hope that will explain what you want .