Question

I am writing a software in C. For that purpose I use lex. I wrote a piece of code in C to create a symbol table and manage it. So, whenever lex finds a new symbol, it puts it in a symbol table. Problem is, when I try to print all results from symbol table, I get output I didn’t expect.
If, for example, the input file was:

int main(){}

the output should be:

int
main
(
)
{
}

but the output is:

int main(){}
main(){}
(){}
...

and so on.
The function used for printing is something like this

void print_entries(struct symtab *start) {
   struct symtab *s = start;
   while(s != NULL) {
      printf("%s\n", s->name);
      s = s->next;
   }
}

Here is the code for adding new symbols:

void add_entry(char* name, int type, struct symtab *start)
{
   struct symtab *new;
   new = malloc(sizeof(struct symtab));
   last_entry(start)->next = new;
   new->name = name;
   new->type = type;
   new->next = NULL;
}

Any ideas?

Answer 1

You need to copy the symbol names into the symbol table entries. If for some peculiar reason your system does not have strdup() already, then use:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

char *strdup(const char *str)
{
   size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
   char *dup = malloc(len);
   if (dup != 0)
       memmove(dup, str, len);
   return dup;
}

(In this context, I could use memcpy() safely; I use memmove() because it always works and memcpy() does not. And I use memmove() because I know exactly how long the string is so the copy doesn’t need to test each character for nullness as it goes.)

With strdup() on hand:

void add_entry(char* name, int type, struct symtab *start)
{
   struct symtab *sym;
   sym = malloc(sizeof(struct symtab));
   last_entry(start)->next = sym;
   sym->name = strdup(name);
   sym->type = type;
   sym->next = NULL;
}

Note that this still omits the error checking from the two memory allocations, which is not a good habit to get into. I’ve revised it to use sym rather than new because the latter is a C++ keyword and I avoid using those as identifiers, even in C code.