Question

I can assign char to int as follows.

char c = 'a';
int  a = 0;
     a = c;

Then, why I can’t assign a char[] to int[]?

int[] ints= new int[4];
char[] chars= new char[4];
ints = chars;   // Cannot convert from char[] to int[] ?? But why?

Answer 1

The char to int promotion is a special provision for primitive types.

Regarding arrays, the Java Language Specification says this:

If an array variable v has type A[], where A is a reference type, then
v can hold a reference to an instance of any array type B[], provided
B can be assigned to A. This may result in a run-time exception on a
later assignment; see §10.10 for a discussion.

This works only “if A is a reference type.” Even though char can be assigned to int, this rule doesn’t apply because it doesn’t apply to primitive types.

So, without any special provision for assigning incompatible types, the assignment fails.

If it were allowed, you’d introduce the possibility of ArrayStoreException being raised on stores to primitive arrays (just like you currently have with arrays of reference types):

ints[0] = Integer.MAX_VALUE; /* Exception! */

This happens because ints is an alias to a char[] that can’t accommodate a 32-bit value. I’m not sure why this is acceptable for reference types, and not for primitives, but it probably has to do with all of the special treatment already required for primitives.