Question

I can’t seem to find any documentation on what new[] is supposed to be. From the example below it seems to be an object array shorthand

var json = new[] {
            new object[] {"20-Jun-2008", 200 },
            new object[] {"20-Jun-2009", 250 }
        };

Answer 1

These are implicitly typed arrays.

See C# 3.0 specifications.

The syntax of array creation expressions (§7.5.10.2) is extended to
support implicitly typed array creation expressions:
array-creation-expression: … new [ ] array-initializer

In an implicitly typed array creation expression, the type of the
array instance is inferred from the elements specified in the array
initializer. Specifically, the set formed by the types of the
expressions in the array initializer must contain exactly one type to
which each type in the set is implicitly convertible, and if that type
is not the null type, an array of that type is created. If exactly one
type cannot be inferred, or if the inferred type is the null type, a
compile-time error occurs.

The following are examples of implicitly typed array creation
expressions:

var a = new[] { 1, 10, 100, 1000 };            // int[]
var b = new[] { 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 };            // double[]
var c = new[] { "hello", null, "world" };      // string[]
var d = new[] { 1, "one", 2, "two" };         // Error

The last expression causes a compile-time error because neither int
nor string is implicitly convertible to the other. An explicitly typed
array creation expression must be used in this case, for example
specifying the type to be object[]. Alternatively, one of the elements
can be cast to a common base type, which would then become the
inferred element type.

Implicitly typed array creation expressions can be combined with
anonymous object initializers to create anonymously typed data
structures. For example:

var contacts = new[] {
   new {
      Name = "Chris Smith",
      PhoneNumbers = new[] { "206-555-0101", "425-882-8080" }
   },
   new {
      Name = "Bob Harris",
      PhoneNumbers = new[] { "650-555-0199" }
   }
};