Question

I created a simple python project that serves up a couple of pages. I’m using the ‘webapp’ framework and django. What I’m trying to do is use one template file, and load ‘content files’ that contain the actual page text.

When I try to read the content files using os.open, I get the following error:
pageContent = os.open(pageUrl, ‘r’).read()
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: ‘content_includes/home.inc’ error

If I let the django templating system to read the same file for me, everything works fine!

So the question is What am I doing wrong that django isn’t??? The same ‘pageUrl’ is used.

The code below will give me the error, while if I comment out the first pageContent assignment, everything works fine.

Code:

        pageName = "home";

        pageUrl = os.path.join(os.path.normpath('content_includes'), pageName + '.inc')
        pageContent = os.open(pageUrl, 'r').read()
        pageContent=template.render(pageUrl, template_values, debug=True);

        template_values = { 'page': pageContent, 
                           'test': "testing my app" 
                           }

Error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/apis/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 511, in __call__
    handler.get(*groups)
  File "/home/odessit/Development/Python/Alpha/main.py", line 19, in get
    pageContent = os.open(pageUrl, 'r').read()
  File "/opt/apis/google_appengine/google/appengine/tools/dev_appserver.py", line 805, in FakeOpen
    raise OSError(errno.EPERM, "Operation not permitted", filename)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: 'content_includes/home.inc'

app.yaml:

handlers:
- url: /javascript
  static_dir: javascript

- url: /images
  static_dir: images

- url: /portfolio
  static_dir: portfolio

- url: /.*
  script: main.py

Answer 1

os.path.normpath() on “content_includes” is a no-op – normpath just removes double slashes and other denormalizations. What you probably want is to build a path relative to the script, in which case you should do something like os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'content_includes', pageName + '.inc').