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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-05-22T22:01:56+00:00

I created the following jsp: <html> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=UTF-8> </head> <body> <%

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I created the following jsp:

<html>
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    </head>
    <body>
<%
byte[] oe1 = {-61,-123};
byte[] oe2 = {-123,-61};
byte[] oe3 = "œ".getBytes("UTF-8");
%>
byte[] oe1 = {-61,-123}: '<%=new String(oe1, "UTF-8")%>'<br/>
byte[] oe2 = {-123,-61}: '<%=new String(oe2, "UTF-8")%>'<br/>
byte[] oe3 = "œ".getBytes("UTF-8"): '<%=new String(oe3, "UTF-8")%>'<br/>
oe3[0], oe3[1]: <%=oe3[0]%>, <%=oe3[1]%>
    </body>
</html>

Which prints out the following:

byte[] oe1 = {-61,-123}: '�'
byte[] oe2 = {-123,-61}: '??'
byte[] oe3 = "œ".getBytes("UTF-8"): 'œ'
oe3[0], oe3[1]: -61, -123

What am I missing here. Why does oe3 work but not oe1 or oe2. There is probably something going on here with encoding that I do not understand

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    Add this to the top of the JSP to let it print characters using UTF-8 and let the browser interpret the response as UTF-8.

    <%@ page pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>

    The <meta> tag doesn’t do that. Even more, it’s ignored when the page is served over HTTP.

    See also:

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