I draw a sphere with OpenGL which will be transformed by glRotate(), glScale(), glTranslate().
How could I get the absolute Position of the Object without calculating all transformations on my own?
I need the coordinates for setting the camera eye position to this point.
When using those transformations, you are manipulating the modelviewmatrix
To get the current one you can use ( http://linux.die.net/man/3/glgetfloatv )
for example:
should get you the current matrix, multiplying the starting vectors/vertices/coordinates with this matrix will give you the absolute world coordinates.
EDIT: When making an application you usually want control over the absolute coordinates of each object, manipulate them, and use the opengl transformations to draw them where they are defined.