Question

I got the program to work as expected, but can anyone explain how it works?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void) {
    int exit;     
    string name;
    cin >> name;

    for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
        // the line below is the one I don't understand 
        if ('a' <= name[i] && name[i] <= 'z') name[i] = char(((int)name[i]) - 32);
    }
    cout << name;
    cin >> exit;
    return 0;
 }

EDIT: Let me rephrase:

The thing I don’t understand is how does the string-to-array deal work, as in:
'a'<= name[i]. What exactly does this compare and how?

EDIT2
Thanks for the quick responses guys, love you all. I figured it out.

Answer 1

I assume from the edit in your comment that you are wondering how the [] can apply to a string object. The operator [] is overloaded for string to return a reference to the character at the specified position offset of the represented string. There need not be any direct conversion of the string into an array. The code that implements the overload could well be walking a linked list. It depends on how string was implemented.