Question

I have a data frame, and I want to do some calculation with existing columns and create new column in my data set which is a combination of existing… I can do this easily outside function… but if I wrap the code witin function, the changes I made (inside functions) are not visible outside function… i.e. the new column doesn’t exist…

I would appreciate sample code to do this…

Answer 1

I’ll assume it is about R… R does not pass arguments by reference (environments and reference classes (S5) are an exception, but this is out of the current range of abstraction). Thus, when you write

addThree<-function(x){
 x<-x+3
}
4->y
addThree(y)

y is still 4 at the end of code, because inside the function, x is the fresh copy of ys value, not the y itself (again, not exactly, but those are higher order details).

Thus, you must adapt to R’s pass-by-copy scheme and return the altered value and assign it back to your variable (using old wording, there are no procedures in R):

addThree<-function(x){
 return(x+3)
}
4->y
addThree(y)->y
#y is now 7

Don’t worry, this works smoothly for even more complex objects because R is garbage-collected and has lazy evaluation.

BTW, you can omit return if you want to return the last value produced in function, i.e. addThree‘s definition may look like this:

addThree<-function(x) x+3