Question

I have a J2ME app running on my mobile phone(client),

I would like to open an HTTP connection with the server and keep polling for updated information on the server.

Every poll performed will use up GPRS bytes and would turn out expensive in the long run, as GPRS billing is based on packets sent and received.
Is there a byte efficient way of polling using the HTTP protocol?.

I have also heard of long polling, But I am not sure how it works and how efficient it would be.

Actually the preffered way would be for the Server to tell the phone app that new data is ready to be used that way polling won’t be needed to be done, however I don’t know of these techniques especially in J2ME.

Answer 1

If you want solve this problem using HTTP only, long polling would be the best way. It’s fairly easy. First you need to setup an URL on server side for notification (e.g. http://example.com/notify), and define a notification protocol. The protocol can be as simply as some text lines and each line is an event. For example,

  MSG user1
  PHOTO user2 album1
  EMAIL user1
  HEARTBEAT 300

The polling thread on the phone works like this,

1. Make a HTTP connection to notification URL. In J2ME, you can use GCF HttpConnection.
2. The server will block if no events to push.
3. If the server responds, get each line and spawn a new thread to notify the application and loopback to #1.
4. If the connection closes for any reason, sleep for a while and go back to step 1.

You have to pay attention to following implementation details,

1. Tune HTTP timeouts on both client and server. The longer the timeout, the more efficient. Timed out connection will cause a reconnect.
2. Enable HTTP keepalive on both the phone and the server. TCP’s 3-way handshake is expensive in GPRS term so try to avoid it.
3. Detect stale connections. In mobile environments, it’s very easy to get stale HTTP connections (connection is gone but polling thread is still waiting). You can use heartbeats to recover. Say heartbeat rate is 5 minutes. Server should send a notification in every 5 minutes. If no data to push, just send HEARTBEAT. On the phone, the polling thread should try to close and reopen the polling connection if nothing received for 5 minutes.
4. Handling connectivity errors carefully. Long polling doesn’t work well when there are connectivity issues. If not handled properly, it can be the deal-breaker. For example, you can waste lots of packets on Step 4 if the sleep is not long enough. If possible, check GPRS availability on the phone and put the polling thread on hold when GPRS is not available to save battery.
5. Server cost can be very high if not implemented properly. For example, if you use Java servlet, every running application will have at least one corresponding polling connection and its thread. Depending on the number of users, this can kill a Tomcat quickly 🙂 You need to use resource efficient technologies, like Apache Mina.

I was told there are other more efficient ways to push notifications to the phone, like using SMS and some IP-level tricks. But you either have to do some low level non-portable programming or run into risks of patent violations. Long polling is probably the best you can get with a HTTP only solution.