I have a large interconnected graph of entities (approx 1.2k). When attempting to save,

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Asked: May 31, 20262026-05-31T22:39:49+00:00 2026-05-31T22:39:49+00:00

I have a large interconnected graph of entities (approx 1.2k). When attempting to save,

0

I have a large interconnected graph of entities (approx 1.2k). When attempting to save, the JVM throws a stackOverflowError (below). The entity/orm classes only use save/update cascade on the vertices which connect nodes. On smaller graph sizes, cascade works fine but with larger sizes it breaks. Can someone suggest some documentation or provide any insight into possible limitations in Hibernate?

Dependencies:

Hibernate 4.0.1
HyperSQL 2.2

Example:

-Node_1

—-leaf_a => Node_2

         ----leaf_c => node_4

—-leaf_b => Node_3

          ----leaf_d => node_5

JVM Error:

java.lang.StackOverflowError
at java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap.get(ConcurrentHashMap.java:768)
at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.locateServiceBinding(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:114)
at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.locateServiceBinding(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:109)
at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:124)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.eventListenerGroup(SessionImpl.java:624)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.listeners(SessionImpl.java:620)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:614)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:409)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:350)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:326)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:409)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:350)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:326)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:409)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:350)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:326)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:409)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:350)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:326)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:409)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:350)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:326)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:409)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:350)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:326)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollectionElements(Cascade.java:409)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeCollection(Cascade.java:350)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:326)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSaveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:615)
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.saveOrUpdate(SessionImpl.java:608)
at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingAction$5.cascade(CascadingAction.java:258)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:380)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:323)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:208)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:165)
at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:132)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.cascadeOnUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:361)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:335)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsDetached(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:239)
at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:109)
at

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1 Answer

Editorial Team · Answer 1 · 2026-05-31T22:39:50+00:00

If the cascade is working for smaller graphs it would seem to me that the issue is related to the recursive persist stack being too deep and is stackoverflowing (one of the most common causes of stackoverflows being recursion that doesn’t terminate, but can also happen if you have a genuinely legitimate deep recursion stack.

Check the answer here: Stack overflows from deep recursion in Java? the selected answer provides details on changing your stack size, although if you expect a lot of data growth then I guess you will need to think about your runtime enviroment requirements and how they will scale.

-ss Stacksize to increase the native stack size or

-oss Stacksize to increase the Java stack size,

The default native stack size is 128k, with a minimum value of 1000 bytes. The default java stack size is 400k, with a minimum value of 1000 bytes.

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