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I have a project that have a big database, i want to know that which design is better, one database with 5 table or 5 database with 1 table?
My database is run on the server, if i want to extend my db to more than one server , is it change in answer that question?
As a general prescription a database isn’t going to perform better just because it only has one table. Further, the concept of sharding and it’s performance enhancements (or not) are way too far reaching for this forum.
So, to make your life easier, make one database with five tables, and optimize those tables properly. Build indexes where they are necessary based on how you query the database. Build covered indexes where possible. And don’t over index if the application is write intensive.
Remember, optimizing a database is much more involved than a general design pattern and cannot be done well by an outside source without an excessive amount of information.