Question

I have a question for large mysql queries. Is it possible to skip the copying to tmp table on disk step that mysql takes for large queries or is it possible to make it go faster? because this step is taking way too long to get the results of my queries back. I read on the MySQL page that mysql performs this to save memory, but I don’t care about saving memory I just want to get the results of my queries back FAST, I have enough memory on my machine. Also, my tables are properly indexed so that’s not the reason why my queries are slow.

Any help?

Thank you

Answer 1

There are two things you can do to lessen the impact by this

OPTION #1 : Increase the variables tmp_table_size and/or max_heap_table_size

These options will govern how large an in-memory temp table can be before it is deemed too large and then pages to disk as a temporary MyISAM table. The larger these values are, the less likely you will get ‘copying to tmp table on disk’. Please, make sure your server has enough RAM and max_connections is moderately configured should a single DB connection need a lot of RAM for its own temp tables.

OPTION #2 : Use a RAM disk for tmp tables

You should be able to configure a RAM disk in Linux and then set the tmpdir in mysql to be the folder that has the RAM disk mounted.

For starters, configure a RAM disk in the OS

Create a folder in the Linux called /var/tmpfs

mkdir /var/tmpfs

Next, add this line to /etc/fstab (for example, if you want a 16GB RAM disk)

none                    /var/tmpfs              tmpfs   defaults,size=16g        1 2

and reboot the server.

Note : It is possible to make a RAM disk without rebooting. Just remember to still add the aforementioned line to /etc/fstab to have the RAM disk after a server reboot.

Now for MySQL:

Add this line in /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
tmpdir=/var/tmpfs

and restart mysql.

OPTION #3 : Get tmp table into the RAM Disk ASAP (assuming you apply OPTION #2 first)

You may want to force tmp tables into the RAM disk as quickly as possible so that MySQL does not spin its wheels migrating large in-memory tmp tables into a RAM disk. Just add this to /etc/my.cnf:

[mysqld]
tmpdir=/var/tmpfs
tmp_table_size=2K

and restart mysql. This will cause even the tiniest temp table to be brought into existence right in the RAM disk. You could periodically run ls -l /var/tmpfs to watch temp tables come and go.

Give it a Try !!!

CAVEAT

If you see nothing but temp tables in /var/tmpfs 24/7, this could impact OS functionality/performance. To make sure /var/tmpfs does not get overpopulated, look into tuning your queries. Once you do, you should see less tmp tables materializing in /var/tmpfs.